German Expressionism: Vol. 5

The German Expression movement began before WWI and gained momentum in the 20’s and 30’s. It influenced architecture, painting and cinema. This movement gave surrealistic shape and structure to forms that reflect psychological states. This is evident in the extreme contrast of light and dark, the use of reflective surfaces and abstract optical tricks and even anthropomorphism.

Vol. 4 – BatmanReturns (1992) – This is director Tim Burton’s second installment in the film series based on the popular DC Comic Superhero. Michael Keaton returns at the titular hero. But this time, he faces the joint forces of a sinister businessman Max Schreck (Christopher Walken), The Penguin (Danny DeVito) and Catwoman (Michelle Pheiffer). This film is a visual spectacle and was recognized with two Oscar nominations, one for visual effects and one for makeup.

"Batman Returns" exemplifies German Expressionism probably more so than any other film made in the past several decades. Tim Burton (for all of his shortcomings) is one of the most expressionistic filmmakers in modern history and probably of all time. His films are highly influenced by the German cinema of the 20’s and 30’s, so much so that he even named one of the characters in this film (Max Schreck) after the actor that portrayed F.W. Murnau’s “Nosferatu”

The sets created for Gotham have a personality all to their own. The menacing architecture of the city looms ominously over its subjects creating a dark and oppressive environment very similar to the world of Fritz Lang’s “Metropolis”. Selina Kyle’s apartment and the Penguin’s Lair also have their own defining characteristics meant to reflect the personalities of the characters. Kyle’s apartment is small and closed in, covered in pink with a giant ugly I-beam protruding from the ceiling, constantly reminding her of how feeble her attempts are at brightening up her dreary existence. The Penguin’s Lair is an elaborate frozen cave where he resides with his minions of giant penguins that do his biddings. He sits on a large throne complete with a kneeling pillow at his feet. It’s as if his delusions of grandeur have guided his decor in an attempt to allow him to forget his own grotesqueness and the fact that his kingdom is actually frozen, fishy, underground cave.

The anthropomorphism traits of the characters themselves cannot be overlooked either. The costumes and makeup of both The Penguin and Catwoman give them an abundance of animalistic traits that color their alternate personalities. This is especially evident in The Penguin. His elongated, beak-like nose and tuxedo body suit made Danny DeVito look even more like a short, fat, awkward, flightless bird than he does in real life. This exaggeration is a huge departure from previous depictions of this character. Burgess Meredith’s Penguin from the old television series had nothing more than a purple top hat and cigarette holder. And most of the depictions of him in the comics aren’t nearly as drastic as they are in this film.

The duality of man is a common theme in German Expressionism as well as comic books. This is prevalent in the hero as well as both villains of “Batman Returns”. Both Batman and Penguin are alter egos created by the separation from their parents. In our hero’s case, this is caused by murder and led to his incessant vigilantism. The Penguin was abandoned by his parents. His separation anxiety has manifested itself in a vengeful way creating the persona of a super villain trying to make the world pay for the crimes of his father. Catwoman’s personality is the polar opposite of that of Selina Kyle. Kyle is a quiet and shy homely woman that takes a lot of abuse from her employer, Schreck. When she dawns the Catwoman suit, she exudes sexual power and won’t take ‘no’ for an answer.

I imagine most of you have seen this film at least once. I don’t think it’s the greatest but it does give us a great example of Expressionistic cinema in the modern era. It deserves a second look. Watch it for no other reason than to take in the details of a film made with a lot of love for the art that came before it.

German Expressionism: Vol.4

The German Expression movement began before WWI and gained momentum in the 20’s and 30’s. It influenced architecture, painting and cinema. This movement gave surrealistic shape and structure to forms that reflect psychological states. This is evident in the extreme contrast of light and dark, the use of reflective surfaces and abstract optical tricks and even anthropomorphism.

Vol. 4 – The Saddest Music in the World (2003) – This film, set in Winnipeg during the Great Depression centers around a contest held by the local beer baroness, Lady Helen Port-Huntly (Isabella Rossellini) to find the saddest music in the world. Among the contestants we meet Fydor Kent (David Fox): a WWI vet and former doctor representing Canada and his son Chester Kent (Mark McKinney): a big shot musical producer representing America. We also meet the melancholic Roderick Kent (Ross McMillan): Fydor’s estranged son who comes to Winnipeg to represent Serbia after his wife left him and Narcissa (Maria De Medeiros): Chester’s sleepwalking, nymphomaniac Serbian girlfriend.

Don’t worry if you didn’t follow that weird plot synopsis. Trust me, the details acquired from watching the film will only make this story more bizarre. It may not be a German film but I wanted to talk about it to show how the movement has influenced some more recent cinema. Director Guy Maddin is one of the most expressionistic film makers of the modern age and this film showcases that aspect of his style very well. I haven’t seen all of his work but surprisingly, this is actually one of his more accessible movies.

This film exhibits both surreal and expressionistic qualities.  It is not a dream but rather exists in a constant dream like state created by the filmmaker’s techniques. It was shot with several different film stocks and portions of it are black and white with an extremely grainy texture. This is used to emphasize both the time and place that this story is set. The grainy look gives it the feel of an old timey news reel and the stark black and white contrast accentuates the extreme cold of a Winnipeg Winter. At times, he even adds a more foggy effect by smearing Vaseline on the camera lens. He also mixes in an assortment of various color tinted filters from time to time.

Other parts of the movie are shot in very brilliant contrasting colors. Notably, one of the first color scenes we find in this film is at a funeral. It seems as though there he adds more color to the screen in the scenes that showcase more spectacle and performance. The funeral is the first, and then later we see more color in the scenes that show the contest. I’m not exactly sure if I understand the rhyme or reason for everything Maddin is doing here but it makes for an amazing visual experience.

If you’ve never experienced a Guy Maddin film, I would suggest you start with this one. It’s actually a bit less obscure than a lot of his other work but it still manages to give you a great taste of what type of stuff you will find in his filmography and it’s currently available on NetflixWatch Instantly. It’s also worth noting that I think this film is hilarious. Each character is just a bit weirder than the last making this the type of film that you find lines like: “Sadness is just happiness turned on its ass.” And “No, I'm not an American. I'm a nymphomaniac.”

 

Enjoy.